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&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://vimeo.com/311021346"&gt;Oral History Interview with Rupert Raj (2016)&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="https://vimeo.com/clgarchives"&gt;Canadian Lesbian + Gay Archives&lt;/a&gt; on &lt;a href="https://vimeo.com"&gt;Vimeo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oral History with Rupert Raj, one of 7 activists involved in fighting Ontario's delisting of gender confirming surgeries from the province's public health plan in 1998. Conducted in Spring/Summer 2016 as part of the LGBTQ Oral History Digital Collaboratory (Elspeth Brown, PI)&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;Rupert Raj has been a transgender activist for 47 years, a path that started when he first began transitioning in 1971. He refers to his transition as being extremely long, lasting a total of 41 years. At the time of the delisting he was starting his Master’s in counselling and psychology and working as a career counsellor at the Canadian National Institute for the Blind. He recalls knowing Susan Gapka for a long time, being involved together in the Trans Lobby Group (previously Health Advocacy Action Group).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;Rupert talks about his long history engaging with politicians towards furthering transgender liberation. He mentions lobbying George Smitherman in the early 2000s, as well as Cheri DiNovo a few years later. He recalls the first-ever forum for transgender issues at the national level organized by Egale Canada in 2005 and attracting individuals such as Kyle Scanlon, Tami Starlight, Jessica Friedman, Susan Gapka, Cynthia Peterson, George Smitherman, and Barbara Hall, who at the time served as the head of the Ontario Human Rights Commission.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;He speaks of a support group for trans men ran by him that existed from 1982 to 1988. After this period, he recalls there not being a support group for trans men in Canada until 1999, except for one that existed in Vancouver for a brief period. That year, he resumed holding such groups after being asked to do so by Mirha Soleil-Ross as it had been over a decade since trans men had this kind of structured space to come together and socialize.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;According to Rupert, trans circles before the 1990s were mostly represented by transgender women, as he acknowledged that many trans men held transmisogynistic ideas that took some time to reconcile.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p2"&gt;Rupert mentions the different kinds of procedures involved within trans healthcare, such as electrolysis, bottom surgery, implants, and others. He compares the coverage of such procedures within different provinces in Canada as well as with other countries. He talks of the specifics of bottom surgery for transgender men and the different challenges that can arise from it.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;At the end of the 1970s Rupert remembers Alberta covering phalloplasty surgeries for trans men, so he moved there with his partner at the time who was also a trans man. This was part of a program ran out of the University of Calgary, which required patients to endure a 6-12 month process for approval that involved psychiatrist visits and paying a $1000 fee. This program was, according to him, the only site where these surgeries were performed in all of North America at the time. Nonetheless, he wasn’t able to go ahead with it as he didn’t have the necessary body mass for a successful skin graft.&lt;span class="Apple-converted-space"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;Speaking of the medicalization of trans issues, Rupert talks of the power vested in boards of medicals specialists who determined the validity of patients’ gender identities and their right to be able to pursue their transitions. He mentions how at the time there was a common misconception that trans people wouldn’t be gay, and as such many trans people had to pass as straight in order to not be denied medical services or the ability to transition.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;Rupert mentions the Trans Health Project, a study on the health and wellness needs of the transgender community undertaken by the Trans Lobby Group. This group, composed in part by Rupert and Susan Gapka, emerged from the RHN as they believed the latter to be too focused on theoretical issues.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;On the subject of the prison and justice system, Rupert highlights the need for a trans movement that expands beyond just human rights, as the needs of the transgender inmate population are very different than those commonly addressed by the mainstream LGBTQ rights movement.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Oral History with Nick Mulé, one of 7 activists involved in fighting Ontario's delisting of gender confirming surgeries from the province's public health plan in 1998. Conducted in Spring/Summer 2016 as part of the LGBTQ Oral History Digital Collaboratory (Elspeth Brown, PI)&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;Nick Mulé has a long history as an LGBTQ activist, taking part in many influential organizations and movements. In 1989, Nick became a member of CLGRO –the Coalition for Lesbian and Gay Rights in Ontario. CLGRO was a group that fought for diverse gay rights causes, such as the inclusion of sexual orientation in the Ontario Human Rights Code. It had a liberationist perspective on social rights as opposed to a merely legislative one, acknowledging the need to go beyond obtaining equal rights in the law. In 1992, CLGRO obtained a five-year federal grant from Health Canada to study health needs in the LGBTQ+ community. This resulted in Project Affirmation, which in 1997 published a report called Systems Failure on the gaps and challenges for LGBTQ Ontarians in the healthcare system.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;Nick laments how through most of its history, CLGRO was ran under trans-exclusionary feminist frameworks which limited its reach and inclusivity as an organization to the detriment of transgender individuals in Ontario. However, Nick recalls how this changed once CLGRO was approached by Ki Namaste, a noted transgender rights activist, who confronted the organization about their exclusionary policies. Ki highlighted the health and wellness needs of transgender Ontarians at the time and was instrumental in changing the future direction of the organization. Shortly after, Ki conducted research work for CLGRO, serving as a valuable ally in the fight for LGBTQ rights. The trans-exclusionary frameworks informing CLGRO were not unique to this organization, as Nick notes that most feminist and gay and lesbian rights groups in the 1980s and 1990s were unwelcoming and often hostile towards transgender individuals. Ki was one of many transgender individuals who challenged transphobic tenets within feminism at the time and helped expand the reach and vision of the movement. Interestingly, Nick recalls how Ki chose to conduct research with transgender individuals through interviews as opposed to surveys, as this offered a more insightful look into the lives and needs of this population.&lt;span class="Apple-converted-space"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;He is one of the founders of Rainbow Health Network (RHN), which started in the early 2000s. RHN began as an offshoot group from CLGRO that worked to implement the recommendations of the Systems Failure report. This group of volunteers met monthly for many years at SHC, attracting other important activists such as Rupert Raj and Anna Travers. RHN spawned other successful groups of its own as well, such as the Trans Lobby Group which included Susan Gapka and Martine Stonehouse.&lt;span class="Apple-converted-space"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;Nick talks about how RHN started being more proactive as of 2003, as the group had being forming and setting up for a few years while the province was also under the premiership of Mike Harris. Nick recalls this as a challenging time for LGBTQ+ activism in the province, as the Progressive Conservatives completely ignored the recommendations of Project Affirmation and eventually went on to delist coverage for gender confirmation surgery. While many challenges remained during the subsequent Liberal government, Nick remembers the McGuinty administration as more hospitable towards the LGBTQ+ rights cause. This welcoming attitude allowed RHN to gain access to provincial funding and rapport with politicians that proved vital to its mission. RHN, together with Anna Travers, drafted a proposal for the provincial government that led up to the creation of Rainbow Health Ontario in 2008.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;After dissolving in 2009, CLGRO morphed into Queer Ontario. This organization had a broader and more inclusive mandate from the beginning, as transgender individuals were involved with it since the beginning. As well, Queer Ontario sought to capitalize on the use of social media to connect with organizations and resources province-wide as well as to promote their campaigns, as opposed to CLGRO which relied on physical meetings. Nonetheless, Nick laments how both Queer Ontario and CLGRO were overwhelmingly ran by white individuals as well as transgender women to the detriment of other collectives within the LGBTQ communities.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;When asked about the relisting of GCS under OHIP, Nick says that the news shocked many in the community who were not expecting such a change in policy after ten years. However, he mentions that when the coverage was first relisted it was done under the guidelines and frameworks employed by CAMH, causing an immediate uproar in the transgender community. He recalls the hard work by Susan Gapka and other transgender activists and individuals who fought to get this coverage reinstated in a way that spoke to their needs and drifted from the medicalized approaches of CAMH, often employing storytelling as a method of highlighting the uniqueness of the transgender experience.&lt;span class="Apple-converted-space"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>PI: Elspeth Brown &#13;
Interviewer: NM &#13;
Interviewee: Nick Mulé&#13;
</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9981">
                <text>CLGA</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9982">
                <text>video</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9983">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9984">
                <text>|3|0.0000000|0.0000000|osm&#13;
Province of Ontario. 1998-2008.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
